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exploding head syndrome
Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is a condition in which a person hears loud noises (such as a bomb exploding, a gunshot, or a cymbal crash) or experiences an explosive feeling when falling asleep or waking up. These noises have a sudden onset, are typically brief in duration, and are often jarring for the sufferer.
Exploding head syndrome is classified as a parasomnia in the 2005 International Classification of Sleep Disorders, and is an unusual type of auditory hallucination in that it occurs in people who are not fully awake.〔 Neither the cause nor the mechanism of exploding head syndrome is known.〔Blom JD. Auditory hallucinations. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;129:433-55. Review. PMID 25726283〕 As of 2015, there had not been sufficient studies conducted to make conclusive statements about prevalence nor who tends to suffer EHS.〔Sharpless BA Exploding head syndrome is common in college students. J Sleep Res. 2015 Mar 13. PMID 25773787〕 However, it has been previously thought that EHS was a rare syndrome, occurring primarily in older (i.e. 50+ years) individuals, females, and those suffering from sleep paralysis. However, a study in 2015 has shown that EHS affects more younger people than thought, reporting that nearly one in five of college students interviewed experienced EHS at least once. Statistics from the study did not show that EHS was more frequent in females, but instead found that more than one-third of those who had EHS also experienced isolated sleep paralysis. Furthermore, the study found that some subjects experienced Exploding Head Syndrome to such a degree that it significantly impacted their lives.
Case reports of EHS have been published since at least since 1876, which Silas Weir Mitchell described as "sensory discharges" in a patient.〔 The phrase "exploding head syndrome" was coined in a 1920 report by the Welsh physician and psychiatrist Robert Armstrong-Jones.〔 A detailed description of the syndrome was given by British neurologist John M. S. Pearce in 1989.
== Symptoms ==
In addition to noise, some people report fear, distress, confusion, myoclonic jerks, tachycardia, sweating, seeing flashes of light, and the sensation as if they had stopped breathing and had to make a deliberate effort to breathe again.〔 Because the sound seems to occur abruptly and with apparently great force, patients may be so alarmed that they may initially and inaccurately describe the noise as pain. In fact, in a clinical study, some patients reported the sound as an "enormous roar, so loud it could kill me"〔 However, upon closer questioning in several studies, there is no pain associated with the syndrome.〔 These auditory hallucinations may occur for a few weeks or months and then spontaneously disappear, or may recur irregularly every few days, weeks, or months for much of a lifetime 〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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